AU Set-Theoretic Topology Seminar
2015/09/14
The selection property Sfin(A,B) states that given An∈A for n<ω, there exist Bn∈[An]<ω such that ⋃n<ωBn∈B.
The selection game Gfin(A,B) proceeds analogously, with player I choosing An and player II choosing Bn each round of the game. II wins in the case that ⋃n<ωBn∈B.
Introduced by Scheepers in various papers entitled "Combinatorics of open covers".
Note II↑Gfin(A,B) implies Sfin(A,B), but the converse need not hold.
A space is selectively separable or SS if Sfin(D,D) holds, where D denotes the dense subsets of the space.
Let Gfin(D,D) denote the selective separability game, and SS+ denote II↑Gfin(D,D).
A Markov strategy for a game only considers the round number and latest move of the opponent.
Let SS+mark denote II↑markGfin(D,D).
A space has countable (dense) fan tightness at a point x if Sfin(Bx,Bx) holds, where B denotes the (dense) sets which have x as a limit point.
A space has countable (dense) fan tightness if it has countable (dense) fan tightness at every point. Denote this with C(D)FT.
Barman/Dow showed that the following are equivalent:
We may similarly consider Gfin(Bx,Bx). If II↑Gfin(Bx,Bx) then we write C(D)FT+
Similarly, the following are equivalent:
The above also holds for Markov strategies.
Note: CF(D)T-type properties are hereditary.
An ω-cover of a space is an open cover for which every finite set is contained in some member of the cover.
A space is Ω-Menger or ΩM when Sfin(Ω,Ω) holds, where Ω denotes the ω-covers of X.
We may similarly consider Gfin(Ω,Ω). If II↑Gfin(Ω,Ω) then we write ΩM+.
Let C(X) be the subspace of RX consisting of continuous functions. (For this reason, we only consider completely regular spaces.)
Arhangel'skii proved the following:
X is ΩM if and only if C(X) is CFT.
There's a natural corespondance between ω covers of completely regular spaces X and subsets of C(X) containing 0 as a limit point.
Given an ω cover U, we may assume it consists of co-zero sets. For U∈U, let xU∈C(X) satisfy U=x−1U[(−1,1)]. It follows 0∈cl({12nxU:U∈U,n<ω}).
Likewise, given 0∈cl(B), let UB={x−1[(−12n,12n)]:x∈B,n<ω}; it follows UB is an ω cover.
Barman/Dow made a similar observation:
Since CFT+mark implies CDFT+mark, any separable subspace of such a C(X) must be SS+mark.
We get a direct comparison with Arhangel'skii's result by observing the following:
X is σ-compact if and only if X is ΩM+mark.
First note that X is compact if and only if for each ω cover of the space and n<ω, there exists a finite subcollection which is an "n cover". (Hint: consider compact Xn.)
So if X=⋃n<ωXn for Xn compact and increasing, let σ(U,n) be an n cover of U for Xn. It follows that ⋃n<ωσ(U,n) is an ω cover.
Alternately, if given a Markov strategy, let Xn=⋂U∈Ω⋃σ(U,n). Since any open cover may be closed under finite unions to obtain an ω cover, it's not hard to see that Xn is relatively compact, and therefore ¯Xn is compact by regularity of X. Finally, it's not hard to show σ isn't winning if X≠⋃n<ωXn. ◻
As it turns out, the idea of Arhangel'skii's original result yields all of the following:
So it's easy to find an example of a space which is CFT+ but not CFT+mark.
So if C(ω†1) was separable, we'd have a SS+, ¬SS+mark space... but it's not even ccc.
So searching for ΩM+, ¬ΩM+mark spaces X yields CFT+, ¬CFT+mark spaces C(X), but finding an example where C(X) is separable may not be possible.